Desde la grada feminista
Julieta Ortega | Girl Up
Por: Julieta Ortega / Girl Up Latinoamérica
La llama olímpica femenina
Cuando hablamos de las mujeres en el deporte, mil cosas se nos vienen a la mente: la desigualdad de sueldos, la falta de visibilidad en los medios de comunicación, los estereotipos y expectativas sobre el físico de las atletas, entre una infinidad de pensamientos y situaciones que nos gustaría que fueran diferentes. Aunque, ¿quién nos puede culpar? Estamos hartas de tener que seguir luchando por un cambio. No obstante, a veces es importante echar un vistazo hacia atrás para seguir adelante, recordar todo lo que hemos recorrido en esta lucha y darnos cuenta de que ha valido la pena.
Por eso, en esta ocasión quiero hablar sobre algunos logros en favor del deporte femenil y la búsqueda de la equidad en este ámbito. No puedo comenzar sin recalcar que las mujeres hemos sido excluidas de los eventos deportivos más importantes de la historia desde el inicio de los tiempos.
Un ejemplo claro y significativo son los Juegos Olímpicos, cuyo origen data del siglo VII a. C. Eran un evento deportivo en el que los mejores atletas de cada polis griega se reunían en la ciudad de Olimpia, Grecia, para competir en honor a Zeus. Las mujeres no tenían permitido participar, ni siquiera como espectadoras. Esto dio lugar a la creación de La Heraia o Juegos Hereos, considerados como los Juegos Olímpicos Femeninos de la Antigüedad.
La Heraia fue un evento en honor a la diosa Hera, en el que mujeres de diferentes edades corrían una especie de maratón y, aunque no se sabe con certeza cuál fue el motivo que originó este evento, fue un suceso importante para conseguir la participación femenina en eventos deportivos importantes. Las mujeres participaron por primera vez en las Olimpiadas en 1900, pero solo en deportes considerados de índole femenina como el golf, el cricket y el tenis. De esta manera, Charlotte Cooper, tenista británica, se convirtió en la primera campeona olímpica de la historia.
Fue Alice Milliat quien se enfrentó al Comité Olímpico Internacional y en 1922 instituyó los Juegos Olímpicos Femeninos en París, los cuales también se celebraron en Suiza cuatro años después, demostrando así el interés y la capacidad de las mujeres en el deporte. Hasta 1928, en los Juegos Olímpicos de Ámsterdam, las mujeres fueron incluidas en una cantidad mínima de pruebas atléticas. Durante este tiempo, Milliat se convirtió en la primera mujer en formar parte de un jurado olímpico.
Cuarenta años después, en 1968, Enriqueta Ballesta, atleta mexicana, fue la primera mujer en encender el pebetero olímpico en los Juegos de Verano en la Ciudad de México; mientras que en Tokio 2020, Naomi Osaka, tenista japonesa, fue la encargada de encender la llama como una forma simbólica de enaltecer la participación femenina en el deporte.
Cada cuatro años, el porcentaje de mujeres en las Olimpiadas aumenta, hasta llegar al punto en el que se normalizó nuestra participación. En Atenas 2004, el 40% de las participantes eran mujeres, y en Londres 2012, se alcanzó una participación femenina del 46%. En Tokio 2020, el porcentaje de mujeres participantes representó casi el 49%, lo que los convierte en los Juegos Olímpicos más cercanos a la paridad de género en la historia.
A pesar de que aún falta camino por recorrer para lograr la completa inclusión y la visibilización de mujeres diversas en eventos deportivos de esta magnitud, es importante recordar lo mucho que hemos avanzado, para motivarnos a seguir intentando a pesar de los obstáculos que existen. Es cansado sentir que luchamos por algo inalcanzable, pero ser conscientes de nuestra capacidad para lograrlo nos hace darnos cuenta de que hasta lo imposible se puede alcanzar.
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